Word/Term/Expression | Definition |
| Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT) | An airway clearance technique. A cycle of the techniques of breathing control (BC), thoracic expansion exercises (TEE) and the forced expiration technique (FET). |
| Air flow | Expressed volume / time, (l/min) |
| Air flow velocity | Expressed distance / time, (m/min), speed |
| Airway Clearance Technique (ACT) | An airway
clearance strategy (with or without a device) used to support mucus clearance by loosening,
mobilizing, transporting and evacuating airway mucus. |
| Assisted Autogenic Drainage (AAD) | Autogenic Drainage (AD) carried out with
assistance in infants, toddlers or individuals unable to follow instructions or to participate
actively. |
| Autogenic Drainage (AD) | An airway clearance technique utilizing optimal expiratory flow rate at different lung volume levels. |
| Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) |
Assisted ventilation with independent settings for positive inspiratory and expiratory
pressures. |
| Breathing Control (BC) |
Normal tidal breathing encouraging use of the lower chest and relaxation of the upper chest and
shoulders. |
| Chest clapping/percussion |
Rhythmical percussion (tapping) of the chest wall using either the hand/s with a flexion /
extension action of the wrist/s or a mechanical device. |
| Chest compression | Manual or mechanical compression of the chest in the
direction of the normal expiratory movement of the ribs. |
| Chest mobility exercise(s) | Physical exercises to maintain or increase the
mobility of the chest wall. |
| Chest physiotherapy |
Historical ambiguous term used to define airway clearance therapy. |
| Chest shaking/vibrations | A shaking or vibration of the chest
wall, in the direction of the normal movement of the ribs, during expiration. |
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) | Assisted
ventilation with the same positive pressure setting during the whole breathing cycle. |
| Cough technique | Using cough in a controlled way, at
specific lung volumes, to check for and / or assist the removal of bronchial secretions. |
| Cough control | Being able to control the cough, to
prevent unproductive paroxysms of coughing or coughing attacks. |
| Expiratory Resistance Breathing (ERB) | Breathing out against a resistance.
Type and size of resistance chosen is dependent on physiological strategy, immediate aims and
individual needs. |
| Forced Expiration Technique (FET)
| Huffs/forced expirations interspersed with periods of breathing control (BC).
|
| High Positive Expiratory Pressure (Hi-PEP) |
An airway clearance technique combining PEP with forced expirations against the resistor. |
| Huff, huffing | A huff is a forced expirations
with an open glottis. |
| Inhalation device |
A device through which aerosolized or powdered drugs can be inhaled. |
| Inhalation therapy | Delivery of aerosolized or powdered drugs to
the airways through inhalation. |
| Manual therapy |
The treatment of joints and muscles by specific mobilization, manipulation and
stretching. |
| Modified postural drainage |
The adaptation of postural drainage, i.e to eliminate head-down positions. |
| Mucociliary clearance | The physiological movement of airway
mucus by the mucociliary transport system, in a cephalad direction (towards the mouth). |
| Nebulizer | A device that aerosolizes a liquid. |
| Nebulizer system | Equipment comprising of an
energy source and a nebulizer. These function as a unit. |
| Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) | Assisted ventilation applied non-invasively
with a mask or mouthpiece for spontaneously breathing patients, with independent settings for
inspiratory and expiratory pressures, flow rates and trigger levels. |
| Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OscPEP) | An airway clearance
technique which utilizes the effects of oscillating positive expiratory pressure and oscillating
flow, combined with cough. (OscPEP was originally developed using
Destin/Scandipharm Flutter VRP1.) |
| Percussion |
See “Chest clapping/percussion”. |
| Physical
activity | Used to influence breathing pattern, ventilation and ventilation
distribution.
1) Sports, physically active games, playing and activities
of daily living (ADL), etc.
2) Activating an infant or toddler physically by
utilizing motor reflexes, current motor maturity and curiosity.
Target groups are
children of all ages, adolescents and adults |
| Physical
exercise | Targeted exercise(s) to preserve or improve a specific physical
function. |
| Physical training | A
prescribed programme of structured and repeated physical exercise to improve/maintain exercise
capacity and endurance, mobility, muscle strength and posture. |
| Positioning | The use of positioning to utilize the effects of gravity, to
change regional functional residual capacity (FRC) and to increase regional ventilation in order
to - improve aerosol deposition pattern
- facilitate drainage of bronchial secretions
- prevent / treat
atelectasis
|
| Positive
Expiratory Pressure (PEP) | An airway clearance technique which utilizes the
effects of tidal volume breathing towards an expiratory resistance, combined with FET or cough.
(PEP was originally developed using AstraTech PEP-system.) |
| Postural Drainage (PD) | The use of gravity for
drainage of secretions guided by bronchial anatomy. |
| Postural drainage & percussion (PD & P) | An airway clearance
technique which combines postural drainage and chest clapping / percussion. |
| Pursed lips breathing | The generation of a positive pressure
within the airways by expiration against partially closed lips. |
| Shaking | See “Chest shaking / vibrations”. |
| Thoracic expansion exercise (TEE) | Deep inspiration towards total lung
capacity. |
| Vibrations | See “Chest
shaking/vibrations”. |
